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How Diabetes Affects Fertility For Men And Women

Diabetes affects many areas of life. Diabetics who fail to control their glucose levels may experience cardiovascular problems, kidney issues, blood vessel disease, sexual dysfunction, and vision issues. An issue diabetics may not initially consider is fertility. Diabetes affects fertility for both men and women. In fact, unexplained instances of infertility often result in the discovery of sustained high sugar levels. Controlling glucose levels, maintaining healthy weight, and enjoying a healthy lifestyle improve the chances of a positive outcome for diabetics who wish to conceive, carry to term, and have a healthy baby.

Women may experience several different problems with fertility that are linked to diabetes. For women, diabetes may shorten the period of potential fertility. Periods may begin later, and menopause may begin earlier than women without diabetes. Women with Type I diabetes may need to change the dose of insulin during pregnancy, and they should discuss with their physician. In the past, doctors have urged women with Type I diabetes to refrain from conception, but advancements have made a successful  pregnancy much more likely.  Another issue that is linked to diabetes is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This condition is associated with insulin resistance and frequently occurs concurrently with Type II diabetes. PCOS affects a woman's ovaries and causes difficulty with conception. Diabetes, either Type I or Type II, affects hormones. Insulin itself is a hormone. The hormones required for conception: estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone are often affected by diabetes. High glucose levels in diabetic women may also prevent an embryo from implanting in the uterus. They may get pregnant and miscarry without even knowing. Other issues for diabetic women who wish to have children include a greater risk for birth defects, a greater potential for C-Section birth because of larger sized infants, and gestational diabetes during pregnancy. Diabetes may cause many issues for diabetic women when trying to conceive. They should maintain healthy glucose levels with close monitoring, healthy nutritional choices, regular exercise, and medication if necessary.

Men with diabetes may also face fertility issues. These include retrograde ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, and damaged DNA within the sperm. Retrograde ejaculation occurs when sperm travels back into the bladder rather than forward to the waiting eggs within the female partner. Erectile dysfunction, frequently caused by diabetes and the medications used to treat it, prevents the act necessary for conception. Damaged sperm may not only prevent pregnancy, but may result in more miscarriages and increased birth defects. Diabetic men typically have lower semen levels. Also, they typically have a higher level of nuclear DNA within their sperm and more deletions within their mitochondrial DNA. Men with diabetes face several issues with fertility. These issues may prevent conception, inhibit live births, and increase the likelihood of birth defects. Diabetic men and women face issues with fertility. However, research demonstrates that should the individual maintain healthy sugar levels for a minimum of three to six months before attempting to conceive, the chances for securing a healthy pregnancy and resulting child improve a great deal.


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